AWH convergence for a charged ligand permeating a bilayer

GROMACS version: 2023.2-plumed_2.10.0_dev
GROMACS modification: No
Hello everyone,

I am applying AWH to study the permeation of a charged ligand (with -2 charge) through a DOPC bilayer. My setup is largely based on the following discussion:

https://gromacs.bioexcel.eu/t/using-awh-for-bilayer-permeability/6727

Following that thread, I tested several combinations of AWH parameters (e.g., awh1-dim1-diffusion, awh1-error-init, pull_coord1_k, and related settings). I have attached a short summary of the results from several 600 ns simulations. My main difficulty is that the ligand often becomes trapped on one side of the membrane or within the bilayer, with very few complete back-and-forth transitions. Consequently, the PMF is still changing noticeably after 600 ns, and I am unsure whether this is expected for a charged ligand or indicates that my AWH setup still needs improvement.

Before investing in much longer or multi-walker simulations, I would appreciate some guidance on whether my current approach is reasonable and which parameters you would recommend adjusting first. In particular, comments from AWH developers or experienced users would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your time. The attached files

summarizes the parameter sets and corresponding results.

Bests

Zahra

Here is mdp settings:

define = -DPOSRES_DOPC_P -DPOSRES_FC_LIPID=1000

integrator = md

dt = 0.002

nsteps = 300000000

nstxout = 5000

nstvout = 50000

nstfout = 50000

nstcalcenergy = 100

nstenergy = 1000

nstlog = 1000

nstxout-compressed = 5000

cutoff-scheme = Verlet

nstlist = 20

rlist = 1.4

vdwtype = Cut-off

rvdw = 1.4

coulombtype = PME

rcoulomb = 1.4

tcoupl = Nose-Hoover

tc_grps = SOLU MEMB SOLV

tau_t = 0.5 0.5 0.5

ref_t = 323 323 323

pcoupl = C-rescale

pcoupltype = semiisotropic

tau_p = 5.0

compressibility = 4.5e-5 4.5e-5

ref_p = 1.0 1.0

constraints = h-bonds

constraint_algorithm = LINCS

continuation = yes

gen_vel = no

nstcomm = 100

comm_mode = linear

comm_grps = SOLU_MEMB SOLV

pull = yes

pull_ncoords = 1

pull_ngroups = 2

pull_group1_name = MEMB

pull_group1_pbcatom = 9610

pull_group2_name = SOLU

pull_group2_pbcatom = 29

pull_nstxout = 100

pull_nstfout = 100

pull_coord1_groups = 1 2

pull_pbc_ref_prev_step_com = yes

pull_coord1_type = external-potential

pull_coord1_potential_provider = awh

pull_coord1_geometry = direction

pull_coord1_vec = 0 0 1

pull_coord1_dim = N N Y

pull_coord1_rate = 0

pull_coord1_start = yes

pull_coord1_k = 1000

awh = yes

awh_nstout = 50000

awh_potential = convolved

awh_nbias = 1

awh_nstsample = 100

awh_nsamples_update = 10

awh1_growth = exp-linear

awh1_target = constant

awh1_user_data = no

awh1_ndim = 1

awh1_dim1_coord_provider = pull

awh1_dim1_coord_index = 1

awh1_dim1_start = -4.0

awh1_dim1_end = 4.0

awh1_equilibrate_histogram = yes

awh1_dim1_force_constant = 75000

awh1_dim1_diffusion = 2e-3

awh1_error_init = 20